Why entry is not break-even
The costs are paid before the position has done anything:
break-even = entry + (spread + commission − swap) ÷ units
for a long, and the mirror for a short. A standard lot entered at 1.0850 with $12 of spread and $7 of commission needs 1.08519 to return to zero — 1.9 pips above entry.
Small, and it is the reason a "scratch" trade closed at the entry price is a loss. On a strategy with many round trips, those 1.9 pips per trade are the difference between a flat year and a losing one.
Swap makes it move
This is the part that separates break-even from a fixed number.
Spread and commission are paid once, at the start. Swap accrues every night, so the break-even price drifts further from your entry with each rollover. Hold a negative-swap position for two weeks and the level has moved meaningfully; hold it for two months and it may be beyond where you were planning to take profit.
A position sitting exactly at its entry price after a long hold is therefore not flat. It is behind, by an amount that has been growing quietly on a schedule while the chart said nothing. The swap calculator shows the accrual rate; this page turns it into the price you actually need.
The reverse is true and pleasant: a positive-swap carry position has a break-even that moves towards you every night.
What this does to "moving the stop to break-even"
The habit of moving a stop to the entry price once a trade is in profit is nearly universal, and it is off by the cost.
A stop at entry closes the position at a small loss, every time it is hit — spread, commission and any accrued swap. Over many trades that is a persistent negative drip on exactly the trades that were doing something right.
Moving the stop to the true break-even instead makes those exits genuinely flat. It is a few pips further away, and on a strategy that scratches often it is the difference between a neutral outcome and a slow bleed.
A note on which costs to enter
Enter what has actually been charged, not what you expect:
- Spread is already inside your fill price, so enter it as a cost only if you are working from the mid or from a plan rather than from the actual fill.
- Commission is usually per side; enter the round trip if you intend to close.
- Swap should be the amount accrued so far, which the platform shows on the open position — negative if you are paying it.